THIS is the week we shall be getting into Moral Philosophy and Ethics
THIS is the week we shall be getting into Moral Philosophy and Ethics!
We shall be seeing Kant, Aristotle/Plato, the Utilitarians, (Mill, Bentham, Taylor, and Hume (by inference)), and Feminists, such as Nel Noddings, Carol Gilligan, among others.
Aristotle and Plato: they believed in Virtues:
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Order Paper NowWisdom/Knowledge, Courage, Temperance, Justice, and Compassion. Plato laid out his views in THE REPUBLIC.
Aristotle laid it out in The Nicomachean Ethics.
KANT: Here is Mr. Deontology, with his Categorical Imperative and Duty-based theory in which results/Consequences (alone) do not make an action ethical/moral.
We call him the FIRST Non-Consequentialist.
UTILITARIANS: These are the original “BOTTOM-LINE” Folks. Today we call them Consequentialists. To determine if an action is ethical/Moral, one looks at the Results. . .
FEMINISTS: There is, as you saw in Feminist Epistemology and Metaphysics, a variety of views. Start with Carol Gilligan’s work. Then, go to the Ethics of Care, and then to Martha Nussbaum’s “Capabilties” Approach. . .
As you can see, there is a variety of views in THE FIELD, in general.
Other key distinctions: Cultural Relativism, Subjectivism, and Universalism. . .:-)
Now, take a bit of time to research (since you will need these for NEXT WEEK, as well), and identify the TWO, primary and generic schools of Moral/Ethical Philosophy, the views of some of the folks I mentioned, in MORE detail, and to which school the afore-mentioned Moral Philosophers belong. . . You have Stanford materials as a research starting point.
