Mediators and Moderators

 

Part A

Mediation and moderation are types of detailed examinations of variables. They aim to determine the relationship between variables. Mediation uses variables referred to as mediators. Such variables account for the relationship between the predictor and outcome by explaining why certain effects occur. For instance, we can consider a relationship where social-economic deprivation leads to low self-esteem in the youth. The mediator, in this case, can be the limited youth employment prospects. It explains why this relationship exists (Curtis et al. 82). When the youth have high employment prospects, the relationship between the predictor and outcome no longer holds. Variables in moderation are called moderators. These explain the variability in outcomes. They also influence the strength of the relationship between the predictor and the outcome. For example, one may consider a study of the relationship between school examinations and anxiety. In such a case, the moderator can be exam preparedness. Students who are better prepared for exams are less anxious than those who are unprepared.

Part B

This study presents the relationship between a socially toxic community and internalizing mental health problems. A moderation model can be used in studying this relationship. This involves examining the conditions under which a socially toxic community leads to internalizing mental health problems. A possible moderator is a guidance and counseling program. Those who are counseled are less likely to internalize mental health problems such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, this moderator variable influences the strength between the predictor and the outcome. For instance, youth from low socio-economic backgrounds can handle depression well under guidance and counseling. Also, youth who are exposed to violence/bullying are less likely to be affected by low self-esteem if they are taken under the guidance and counseling process.

 

Work Cited

Curtis, Sarah, et al. “Neighbourhood Risk Factors for Common Mental Disorders among Young People Aged 10–20 Years: A Structured Review of Quantitative Research.” Health & Place, Vol. 20, 2013, pp. 81-90.